The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.